The reported altitude of the surface and each
mandatory level is written on the right side of the
colored portion of the diagram immediately above the
printed isobar value (fig. 4-33). Notice that the 925-hPa
mandatory level is not printed on the diagram. Mark the
925-hPa level with a tic mark on the edge of the diagram
and enter the reported altitude just above this level, as
shown in the figure. The three digits encoded for the
altitude are converted to actual altitude values by the
observer, following the guidance given in table 4-2.
When the reported surface pressure is less than
1,000 hPa, such as 976 hPa, an extrapolated 1,000-hPa
height below station level is reported following the 00
indicator for the 1,000-hPa level. (In this case the
1,000-hPa level temperature/dew-point depression
group and the winds group would be encoded as
slashes.) For example, a reported level 00531 ///// /////
indicates a 1,000-hPa height as -03 1 meters (the 5
indicates a negative value), while a reported height of
00631 would indicate -13 1 meters. The height of the
surface level is assumed to be zero.
The height is then plotted as a small dot surrounded
by a 2/8- to 3/8-inch square, at the intersection of the
isobar of the mandatory pressure level and the isoheight
line of the constructed height scale (fig. 4-34). Each
printed isotherm is 100 meters. Estimate placement of
the dot to the nearest 10 meters.
On the same horizontal isobar, the temperature is
plotted as a small point surrounded by a 2/8- to 3/8-inch-
diameter circle where the isotherm crosses the isobar.
Temperatures are plotted to the nearest tenth degree
Celsius (fig. 4-35). Estimate the position between the
printed isotherms. Remember, if the reported tenths
value is even, the temperature is above zero, and if the
tenths value is odd, the temperature is below zero
degrees Celsius.
To plot the dew-point depression, move along the
isobar toward the left the number of degrees and tenths
of degrees indicated by the encoded dew-point
depression. Place a small point at the indicated value
and surround the point with a 2/8- to 3/8-inch-high
triangle (fig. 4-36). Remember, dew-point depression
is the difference between the dew-point temperature
and the temperature, and the dew-point temperature is
either the same as or lower than the temperature. Also,
remember that dew-point depression values are in
degrees and tenths of a degree Celsius for code figures
00 to 50, while reported values 56 to 99 are in whole
degrees when 50 is subtracted from the code figure. For
example, the code figure 43 is a dew-point depression of
4.3°C, while 63 is (63 - 50 = 13) a dew-point depression
of 13.0°C.
The next encoded value, wind direction, is plotted
on the right wind scale for the first sounding plotted on a
diagram, and succeeding reports are plotted on the
Table 4-2.Rules for Converting Encoded Altitude to Actual
Altitude
LEVEL (hPa)
1000
925
RULE
no change
850
prefix with a 1
700
500
400
300
prefix with a 2 if
500, or a 3 if <500
Suffix with a 0
250
200
150
100
70
prefix with a 1 and
suffix with a 0
50
prefix with a 2 and
30
suffix with a 0
20
Figure 4-33.Plotted altitude values.
4-30