CHAPTER 1 ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES
Figure 1-1.Satellite inclination.
Figure 1-3.Day-ascending and night-ascending polar orbits.
TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES
GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES
POLAR ORBITING SATELLITES
Figure 1-8.Data coverage on successive orbits of a polar-orbiting satellite.
DMSP SATELLITES
SATELLITE IMAGERY
TYPES OF IMAGERY
Visual Imagery
Figure 1-12.GOES visual image on left compared to GOES infrared
Water Vapor Imagery
IMAGERY ENHANCEMENT
Figure 1-14.Processed GOES infrared images with temperatures added to gray-shade scale.
Figure 1-15.Illustration of a basic enhancement curve table.
Figure 1-16.Single enhancement curve.
GOES LEGEND INFORMATION
Figure 1-19.The GOES MB enhancement curve.
Figure 1-20.A GOES 8 EC1 infrared sector taken at 2145 UTC, June 21,1995.
METHODS OF ACQUIRING IMAGERY
DIRECT-READOUT SERVICE
FIGURE 1-21. TYPICAL APTV VISUAL AND INFRARED IMAGE PAIR FROM A NOAA SATELLITE
Figure 1-22.HRPT imagery.
WEFAX SERVICE
Figure 1-23.Geostationary satellite antenna-aiming diagram.
SATELLITE RECEIVER SYSTEMS
IMOSS SATELLITE MODULE
Figure 1-25.AN/SMQ-11 dual frequency array antenna.
EPHEMERIS INFORMATION
NOAA APT PREDICT BULLETINS (TBUS)
Table 1-2.Typical NOAA APT Predict Bulletin
Table 1-3.Explanation of Important TBUS Bulletin Elements
NASA TWO-LINE DATA
Table 1-5.Explanation of NASA Two-line bulletin elements
Table 1-7.CElement Orbital Data Message
SUMMARY - 14271_49
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14271_50
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14271_51
CHAPTER 2 WEATHER RADAR
PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Wavelength
BASIC RADAR CONFIGURATION
PRINCIPLES OF RADAR PROPAGATION
RADAR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS
Range Ambiguity
RADAR BEAM CHARACTERISTICS - 14271_60
RADAR RESOLUTION
Range Resolution
FACTORS AFFECTING RADAR PROPAGATION
REFRACTION - 14271_64
SUPERREFRACTION
DIFFRACTION
GROUND CLUTTER
PRINCIPLES OF DOPPLER RADAR
PHASE SHIFT
RADIAL VELOCITY
VELOCITY ALIASING
Nyquist Velocity
Doppler Dilemma
WSR-88D SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS
RDA Subcomponents
Figure 2-26.WSR-88D Radar Data Acquisition (RDA).
RDA Special Processes
Figure 2-28.WSR-88D Radar Product Generator (RPG).
RADAR PRODUCT GENERATOR (RPG)
UNIT CONTROL POSITION (UCP)
SYSTEM USERS
SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS
NATIONAL WEATHER RADAR NETWORK (NWRN)
VOLUME COVERAGE PATTERNS
WSR-88D PRODUCTS
BASE PRODUCTS
FIGURE 2-32. BASE REFLECTIVITY PRODUCT
WEAK ECHO REGIONS (WER)
Figure 2-34 .Thunderstorm cell exhibiting
Base Velocity (VEL) Product
Figure 2-36.(A) Vertical wind profile,
DERIVED PRODUCTS
Figure 2-37.Composite Reflectivity (CR) product.
Figure 2-38.Velocity Integrated Liquid (VIL) product.
VAD Wind Profile (VWP) Product
Figure 2-39.VAD Wind Profile (VWP) product.
Figure 2-40.ECHO TOPS (ET) PRODUCT
Severe Weather Probability (SWP) Product
Figure 2-41.Severe Weather Probability product.
Storm Track Information (STI) Product
Hail Index (HI) Product
Figure 2-44.Storm Track Information (STI) product.
Reflectivity Cross-Section (RCS) Product
Figure 2-45.Hail Index (HI) product.
Figure 2-46.Reflectivity Cross-Section (RCS) product.
Figure 2-47.Velocity Cross-Section (VCS) product.
WSR-88D PUBLICATIONS
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14271_108
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14271_109
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14271_110
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14271_111
APPENDIX I GLOSSARY - 14271_113
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14271_114
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14271_115
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14271_116
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14271_117
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14271_118
APPENDIX II OCTANTS OF THE GLOBE
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14271_120
APPENDIX III REFRACTIVE INDEX
APPENDIX IV DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS OF RADAR CODED MESSAGE COMPONENTS
APPENDIX V REFERENCES USED TO DEVELOP THE TRAMAN
APPENDIX V - CONTINUED
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_133
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_135
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_136
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_137
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_138
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_139
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_140
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_141
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_142
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_143
Figure 1-1.Satellite inclination.
Figure 1-3.Day-ascending and night-ascending polar orbits.
TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES
GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES
POLAR ORBITING SATELLITES
Figure 1-8.Data coverage on successive orbits of a polar-orbiting satellite.
DMSP SATELLITES
SATELLITE IMAGERY
TYPES OF IMAGERY
Visual Imagery
Figure 1-12.GOES visual image on left compared to GOES infrared
Water Vapor Imagery
IMAGERY ENHANCEMENT
Figure 1-14.Processed GOES infrared images with temperatures added to gray-shade scale.
Figure 1-15.Illustration of a basic enhancement curve table.
Figure 1-16.Single enhancement curve.
GOES LEGEND INFORMATION
Figure 1-19.The GOES MB enhancement curve.
Figure 1-20.A GOES 8 EC1 infrared sector taken at 2145 UTC, June 21,1995.
METHODS OF ACQUIRING IMAGERY
DIRECT-READOUT SERVICE
FIGURE 1-21. TYPICAL APTV VISUAL AND INFRARED IMAGE PAIR FROM A NOAA SATELLITE
Figure 1-22.HRPT imagery.
WEFAX SERVICE
Figure 1-23.Geostationary satellite antenna-aiming diagram.
SATELLITE RECEIVER SYSTEMS
IMOSS SATELLITE MODULE
Figure 1-25.AN/SMQ-11 dual frequency array antenna.
EPHEMERIS INFORMATION
NOAA APT PREDICT BULLETINS (TBUS)
Table 1-2.Typical NOAA APT Predict Bulletin
Table 1-3.Explanation of Important TBUS Bulletin Elements
NASA TWO-LINE DATA
Table 1-5.Explanation of NASA Two-line bulletin elements
Table 1-7.CElement Orbital Data Message
SUMMARY - 14271_49
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14271_50
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14271_51
CHAPTER 2 WEATHER RADAR
PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Wavelength
BASIC RADAR CONFIGURATION
PRINCIPLES OF RADAR PROPAGATION
RADAR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS
Range Ambiguity
RADAR BEAM CHARACTERISTICS - 14271_60
RADAR RESOLUTION
Range Resolution
FACTORS AFFECTING RADAR PROPAGATION
REFRACTION - 14271_64
SUPERREFRACTION
DIFFRACTION
GROUND CLUTTER
PRINCIPLES OF DOPPLER RADAR
PHASE SHIFT
RADIAL VELOCITY
VELOCITY ALIASING
Nyquist Velocity
Doppler Dilemma
WSR-88D SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS
RDA Subcomponents
Figure 2-26.WSR-88D Radar Data Acquisition (RDA).
RDA Special Processes
Figure 2-28.WSR-88D Radar Product Generator (RPG).
RADAR PRODUCT GENERATOR (RPG)
UNIT CONTROL POSITION (UCP)
SYSTEM USERS
SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS
NATIONAL WEATHER RADAR NETWORK (NWRN)
VOLUME COVERAGE PATTERNS
WSR-88D PRODUCTS
BASE PRODUCTS
FIGURE 2-32. BASE REFLECTIVITY PRODUCT
WEAK ECHO REGIONS (WER)
Figure 2-34 .Thunderstorm cell exhibiting
Base Velocity (VEL) Product
Figure 2-36.(A) Vertical wind profile,
DERIVED PRODUCTS
Figure 2-37.Composite Reflectivity (CR) product.
Figure 2-38.Velocity Integrated Liquid (VIL) product.
VAD Wind Profile (VWP) Product
Figure 2-39.VAD Wind Profile (VWP) product.
Figure 2-40.ECHO TOPS (ET) PRODUCT
Severe Weather Probability (SWP) Product
Figure 2-41.Severe Weather Probability product.
Storm Track Information (STI) Product
Hail Index (HI) Product
Figure 2-44.Storm Track Information (STI) product.
Reflectivity Cross-Section (RCS) Product
Figure 2-45.Hail Index (HI) product.
Figure 2-46.Reflectivity Cross-Section (RCS) product.
Figure 2-47.Velocity Cross-Section (VCS) product.
WSR-88D PUBLICATIONS
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14271_108
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14271_109
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14271_110
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14271_111
APPENDIX I GLOSSARY - 14271_113
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14271_114
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14271_115
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14271_116
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14271_117
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14271_118
APPENDIX II OCTANTS OF THE GLOBE
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14271_120
APPENDIX III REFRACTIVE INDEX
APPENDIX IV DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS OF RADAR CODED MESSAGE COMPONENTS
APPENDIX V REFERENCES USED TO DEVELOP THE TRAMAN
APPENDIX V - CONTINUED
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_133
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_135
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_136
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_137
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_138
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_139
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_140
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_141
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_142
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS - 14271_143
