CHAPTER 1 SURFACE OBSERVATION ELEMENTS
TIME STANDARDS
SKY CONDITION
Figure 1-1.Orographic lift.
Figure 1-4.Turbulent lift.
Cloud Genera
Cloud Species
Cloud Variety
Cumulus (CU)
Cumulonimbus (CB)
Figure 1-9.Cumulus congestus.
CUMULONIMBUS CALVUS
Figure 1-12.Cumulus fractus cloud in a pannus layer.
Figure 1-14.Cumulonimbus mamma on mid-etage altostratus cloud layer.
Figure 1-15.Roll cloud formation on cumulonimbus.
Figure 1-16.Funnel clouds.
14269_29
Stratus (ST)
Altostratus (AS)
Nimbostratus (NS)
Figure 1-22.Typical altocumulus cloud.
Cirrus (CI)
Cirrocumulus (CC)
Orographic Clouds
Layer Coverage
Figure 1-27.Obscuration.
CEILING DETERMINATION
VISIBILITY
SECTOR VISIBILITY
WEATHER AND OBSTRUCTIONS TO VISION
HYDROMETEORS
DEW
Precipitation Forms
PRECIPITATION INTENSITY
Table 1-4.Precipitation Intensity Indicators
Figure 1-28.Cloud-to-ground lightning under a cumulonimbus cloud base.
PHOTOMETEORS - 14269_49
PRESSURE
SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE - 14269_52
WET-BULB TEMPERATURE
WIND - 14269_54
Wind Direction Conventions
Magnetic Wind Direction
SEA AND SWELL WAVES
WAVE PARAMETERS
Wave Length
SWELL WAVES
ICE ACCRETION
ICE IN THE SEA
Sizes of Sea Ice
Topography of Sea Ice Sheets
Movement of Sea Ice
OBSERVING ICE IN THE SEA
COMPUTATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FROM OBSERVED DATA
General Heat Stress Index
Wet-bulb Globe Temperature Index
Wind Chill Equivalent Temperature
REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_71
COMPUTATION OF AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FROM OBSERVED DATA
Table 1-5.Pressure Altitude Values
DENSITY ALTITUDE
Table 1-6.U.S. Standard Atmosphere Heights and Temperatures
SPECIFIC HUMIDITY
SUMMARY - 14269_77
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_78
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_79
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_80
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_81
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_82
CHAPTER 2 SURFACE OBSERVATION EQUIPMENT
Sensor Package
SHIPBOARD METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVING SYSTEM (SMOOS)
METEOROLOGICAL BUOYS
SEMIAUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION
DISPLAY GROW
Figure 2-10.ML-641/GMQ-29 air temperature sensor.
INSTRUMENT SHELTER
THERMOMETERS
Figure 2-15.Maximum and minimum thermometers mounted on a Townsend support.
ALCOHOL THERMOMETERS
PSYCHROMETERS
PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS
PRECISION ANEROID BAROMETER
NAVY DIGITAL ALTIMETER SETTING INDICATOR (DASI)
Figure 2-22.Marine barograph.
REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_99
ANEMOMETER SYSTEMS
Recorder Charts
TIME ADJUSTMENTS
Figure 2-29.Shipboard pelorus with a gyroscope repeater.
AN/PMQ-3 HAND-HELD ANEMOMETER
Figure 2-31.AN/PMQ-3 hand-held anemometer.
RAIN GAUGES
AN/GMQ-32 TRANSMISSOMETER
INDICATOR/RECORDER UNIT
Figure 2-35.ID-353B/GMQ-10(B) or ID-820/GMQ-10(C)
OA-7900A/GMQ-10 CONVERTER/INDICATOR GROUP
CLOUD HEIGHT EQUIPMENT
Figure 2-38.ML-506/GMQ-13 RBC projector and ML-507/GMQ-13 cloud height detector setup.
AN/GMQ-13 CLOUD HEIGHT SET
SOLID CLOUD COVER
ML-121 CEILING LIGHT PROJECTOR
CEILING BALLOONS
CALCULATORS
Figure 2-47.CP-165/UM psychrometric computer.
CP-402/UM PRESSURE REDUCTION COMPUTER
EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE RESOURCES
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_122
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_123
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_124
CHAPTER 3 SURFACE OBSERVATION CODES
OBSERVATION RECORDS
Figure 3-1.CNMOC Form 3140/12
Figure 3-2.CNMOC Form 3141/3, surface weather observations (shipboard).
SURFACE AVIATION WEATHER METAR/SPECI CODE
BASIC METAR CODED REPORT
Wind - 14269_131
Table 3-2.METAR/SPECI Code Weather Phenomena Type Entries
REMARKS AND ADDITIVE DATA
Additive Data Groups
SHIPBOARD SURFACE AVIATION WEATHERSHIP AVIATION CODE
SYNOPTIC CODES
Identification Data - 14269_137
Regional Data Section
Table 3-6.Synoptic Reporting Times for Maximum and Minimum Temperatures for U.S. Stations in WMO Regions IV and V
SHIP SYNOPTIC CODE
Maritime Data Section
MOORED BUOY REPORTS
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_143
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_144
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_145
CHAPTER 4 PLOTTING STANDARDS
Military Grid Reference System
Figure 4-2.Military Grid Reference System
Figure 4-3.Relationship between grid zone and 100,000-meter squares
Figure 4-4.Partial 100,000-meter squares at edges of grid zones.
Figure 4-5.Portion of a naval shore bombardment chart of Vieques Island
UPS GRID SYSTEM
Figure 4-7.Meteorological chart projections.
AREAS OF THE GLOBE
TYPES OF CHARTS
ICAO Station Identifiers
GRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS
TERMS
Figure 4-12.Symbols used on surface pressure and constant-pressure level analysis and prognosis charts.
GRAPHIC HISTORY
Figure 4-14.Symbols used on Horizontal Weather Depiction (HWD) analysis and prognosis charts.
Contour Lines
STANDARD DEPICTION OF OBSERVATION REPORTS
Wind Plots
Synoptic Surface Plotting Models
Synoptic Upper-air Plotting Model
METAR Plotting Models
SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE CHART
SKEW T, LOG P DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM FAMILIARIZATION
Isotherm Scale
PRESSURE-ALTITUDE SCALE
Figure 4-31.Relabeling the Skew T, Log P diagram for the pressure-altitude scale.
PLOTTING REPORTED INFORMATION
Figure 4-33.Plotted altitude values.
Figure 4-34.Plotting reported altitude of the surface and mandatory-pressure level.
Plotting Significant Levels
Plotting Fixed Regional Level Winds
Plotting Tropopause Height
TEMPERATURE TRACE
SHIPS MOVEMENT REPORT (MOVREP) AND POINTS-OF-INTENDED MOVEMENT REPORT (PIM)
PIM TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
SUMMARY - 14269_184
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_185
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_186
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_187
APPENDIX I GLOSSARY
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14269_190
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14269_191
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14269_192
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14269_193
APPENDIX II THE METRIC SYSTEM AND CONVERSION TABLES
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_196
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_197
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_198
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_199
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_200
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_201
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_202
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_203
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_204
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_205
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_206
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_207
APPENDIX III TIME ZONES
APPENDIX III - CONTINUED - 14269_210
APPENDIX III - CONTINUED - 14269_211
APPENDIX IV WMO CODE TABLES
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_214
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_215
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_216
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_217
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_218
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_219
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_220
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_221
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_222
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_223
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_224
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_225
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_226
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_227
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_228
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_229
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_230
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_231
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_232
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_233
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_234
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_235
APPENDIX V DESCRIPTIVE WINDS AND SEAS
APPENDIX VI REFERENCES USED TO DEVELOP THE TRAMAN
14269_239
APPENDIX VI - CONTINUED - 14269_240
APPENDIX VI - CONTINUED - 14269_241
APPENDIX VI - CONTINUED - 14269_242
APPENDIX VI - CONTINUED - 14269_243
14269_251
Assignment Questions - 14269_261
Assignment Questions - 14269_263
Assignment Questions - 14269_264
Assignment Questions - 14269_265
Assignment Questions - 14269_266
Assignment Questions - 14269_267
Assignment Questions - 14269_268
Assignment Questions - 14269_269
Assignment Questions - 14269_270
Assignment Questions - 14269_271
Assignment Questions - 14269_272
Assignment Questions - 14269_273
Assignment Questions - 14269_274
Assignment Questions - 14269_275
Assignment Questions - 14269_276
Assignment Questions - 14269_277
Assignment Questions - 14269_278
Assignment Questions - 14269_279
Assignment Questions - 14269_280
Assignment Questions - 14269_281
Assignment Questions - 14269_282
Assignment Questions - 14269_283
Assignment Questions - 14269_284
Assignment Questions - 14269_285
Assignment Questions - 14269_286
Assignment Questions - 14269_287
Assignment Questions - 14269_288
Assignment Questions - 14269_289
Assignment Questions - 14269_290
Assignment Questions - 14269_291
Assignment Questions - 14269_292
Assignment Questions - 14269_293
Assignment Questions - 14269_294
Assignment Questions - 14269_295
Assignment Questions - 14269_296
TIME STANDARDS
SKY CONDITION
Figure 1-1.Orographic lift.
Figure 1-4.Turbulent lift.
Cloud Genera
Cloud Species
Cloud Variety
Cumulus (CU)
Cumulonimbus (CB)
Figure 1-9.Cumulus congestus.
CUMULONIMBUS CALVUS
Figure 1-12.Cumulus fractus cloud in a pannus layer.
Figure 1-14.Cumulonimbus mamma on mid-etage altostratus cloud layer.
Figure 1-15.Roll cloud formation on cumulonimbus.
Figure 1-16.Funnel clouds.
14269_29
Stratus (ST)
Altostratus (AS)
Nimbostratus (NS)
Figure 1-22.Typical altocumulus cloud.
Cirrus (CI)
Cirrocumulus (CC)
Orographic Clouds
Layer Coverage
Figure 1-27.Obscuration.
CEILING DETERMINATION
VISIBILITY
SECTOR VISIBILITY
WEATHER AND OBSTRUCTIONS TO VISION
HYDROMETEORS
DEW
Precipitation Forms
PRECIPITATION INTENSITY
Table 1-4.Precipitation Intensity Indicators
Figure 1-28.Cloud-to-ground lightning under a cumulonimbus cloud base.
PHOTOMETEORS - 14269_49
PRESSURE
SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE - 14269_52
WET-BULB TEMPERATURE
WIND - 14269_54
Wind Direction Conventions
Magnetic Wind Direction
SEA AND SWELL WAVES
WAVE PARAMETERS
Wave Length
SWELL WAVES
ICE ACCRETION
ICE IN THE SEA
Sizes of Sea Ice
Topography of Sea Ice Sheets
Movement of Sea Ice
OBSERVING ICE IN THE SEA
COMPUTATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FROM OBSERVED DATA
General Heat Stress Index
Wet-bulb Globe Temperature Index
Wind Chill Equivalent Temperature
REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_71
COMPUTATION OF AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FROM OBSERVED DATA
Table 1-5.Pressure Altitude Values
DENSITY ALTITUDE
Table 1-6.U.S. Standard Atmosphere Heights and Temperatures
SPECIFIC HUMIDITY
SUMMARY - 14269_77
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_78
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_79
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_80
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_81
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_82
CHAPTER 2 SURFACE OBSERVATION EQUIPMENT
Sensor Package
SHIPBOARD METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVING SYSTEM (SMOOS)
METEOROLOGICAL BUOYS
SEMIAUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION
DISPLAY GROW
Figure 2-10.ML-641/GMQ-29 air temperature sensor.
INSTRUMENT SHELTER
THERMOMETERS
Figure 2-15.Maximum and minimum thermometers mounted on a Townsend support.
ALCOHOL THERMOMETERS
PSYCHROMETERS
PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS
PRECISION ANEROID BAROMETER
NAVY DIGITAL ALTIMETER SETTING INDICATOR (DASI)
Figure 2-22.Marine barograph.
REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_99
ANEMOMETER SYSTEMS
Recorder Charts
TIME ADJUSTMENTS
Figure 2-29.Shipboard pelorus with a gyroscope repeater.
AN/PMQ-3 HAND-HELD ANEMOMETER
Figure 2-31.AN/PMQ-3 hand-held anemometer.
RAIN GAUGES
AN/GMQ-32 TRANSMISSOMETER
INDICATOR/RECORDER UNIT
Figure 2-35.ID-353B/GMQ-10(B) or ID-820/GMQ-10(C)
OA-7900A/GMQ-10 CONVERTER/INDICATOR GROUP
CLOUD HEIGHT EQUIPMENT
Figure 2-38.ML-506/GMQ-13 RBC projector and ML-507/GMQ-13 cloud height detector setup.
AN/GMQ-13 CLOUD HEIGHT SET
SOLID CLOUD COVER
ML-121 CEILING LIGHT PROJECTOR
CEILING BALLOONS
CALCULATORS
Figure 2-47.CP-165/UM psychrometric computer.
CP-402/UM PRESSURE REDUCTION COMPUTER
EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE RESOURCES
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_122
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_123
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_124
CHAPTER 3 SURFACE OBSERVATION CODES
OBSERVATION RECORDS
Figure 3-1.CNMOC Form 3140/12
Figure 3-2.CNMOC Form 3141/3, surface weather observations (shipboard).
SURFACE AVIATION WEATHER METAR/SPECI CODE
BASIC METAR CODED REPORT
Wind - 14269_131
Table 3-2.METAR/SPECI Code Weather Phenomena Type Entries
REMARKS AND ADDITIVE DATA
Additive Data Groups
SHIPBOARD SURFACE AVIATION WEATHERSHIP AVIATION CODE
SYNOPTIC CODES
Identification Data - 14269_137
Regional Data Section
Table 3-6.Synoptic Reporting Times for Maximum and Minimum Temperatures for U.S. Stations in WMO Regions IV and V
SHIP SYNOPTIC CODE
Maritime Data Section
MOORED BUOY REPORTS
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_143
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_144
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_145
CHAPTER 4 PLOTTING STANDARDS
Military Grid Reference System
Figure 4-2.Military Grid Reference System
Figure 4-3.Relationship between grid zone and 100,000-meter squares
Figure 4-4.Partial 100,000-meter squares at edges of grid zones.
Figure 4-5.Portion of a naval shore bombardment chart of Vieques Island
UPS GRID SYSTEM
Figure 4-7.Meteorological chart projections.
AREAS OF THE GLOBE
TYPES OF CHARTS
ICAO Station Identifiers
GRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS
TERMS
Figure 4-12.Symbols used on surface pressure and constant-pressure level analysis and prognosis charts.
GRAPHIC HISTORY
Figure 4-14.Symbols used on Horizontal Weather Depiction (HWD) analysis and prognosis charts.
Contour Lines
STANDARD DEPICTION OF OBSERVATION REPORTS
Wind Plots
Synoptic Surface Plotting Models
Synoptic Upper-air Plotting Model
METAR Plotting Models
SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE CHART
SKEW T, LOG P DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM FAMILIARIZATION
Isotherm Scale
PRESSURE-ALTITUDE SCALE
Figure 4-31.Relabeling the Skew T, Log P diagram for the pressure-altitude scale.
PLOTTING REPORTED INFORMATION
Figure 4-33.Plotted altitude values.
Figure 4-34.Plotting reported altitude of the surface and mandatory-pressure level.
Plotting Significant Levels
Plotting Fixed Regional Level Winds
Plotting Tropopause Height
TEMPERATURE TRACE
SHIPS MOVEMENT REPORT (MOVREP) AND POINTS-OF-INTENDED MOVEMENT REPORT (PIM)
PIM TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
SUMMARY - 14269_184
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_185
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_186
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS - 14269_187
APPENDIX I GLOSSARY
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14269_190
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14269_191
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14269_192
APPENDIX I - CONTINUED - 14269_193
APPENDIX II THE METRIC SYSTEM AND CONVERSION TABLES
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_196
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_197
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_198
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_199
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_200
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_201
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_202
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_203
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_204
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_205
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_206
APPENDIX II - CONTINUED - 14269_207
APPENDIX III TIME ZONES
APPENDIX III - CONTINUED - 14269_210
APPENDIX III - CONTINUED - 14269_211
APPENDIX IV WMO CODE TABLES
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_214
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_215
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_216
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_217
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_218
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_219
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_220
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_221
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_222
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_223
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_224
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_225
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_226
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_227
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_228
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_229
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_230
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_231
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_232
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_233
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_234
APPENDIX IV - CONTINUED - 14269_235
APPENDIX V DESCRIPTIVE WINDS AND SEAS
APPENDIX VI REFERENCES USED TO DEVELOP THE TRAMAN
14269_239
APPENDIX VI - CONTINUED - 14269_240
APPENDIX VI - CONTINUED - 14269_241
APPENDIX VI - CONTINUED - 14269_242
APPENDIX VI - CONTINUED - 14269_243
14269_251
Assignment Questions - 14269_261
Assignment Questions - 14269_263
Assignment Questions - 14269_264
Assignment Questions - 14269_265
Assignment Questions - 14269_266
Assignment Questions - 14269_267
Assignment Questions - 14269_268
Assignment Questions - 14269_269
Assignment Questions - 14269_270
Assignment Questions - 14269_271
Assignment Questions - 14269_272
Assignment Questions - 14269_273
Assignment Questions - 14269_274
Assignment Questions - 14269_275
Assignment Questions - 14269_276
Assignment Questions - 14269_277
Assignment Questions - 14269_278
Assignment Questions - 14269_279
Assignment Questions - 14269_280
Assignment Questions - 14269_281
Assignment Questions - 14269_282
Assignment Questions - 14269_283
Assignment Questions - 14269_284
Assignment Questions - 14269_285
Assignment Questions - 14269_286
Assignment Questions - 14269_287
Assignment Questions - 14269_288
Assignment Questions - 14269_289
Assignment Questions - 14269_290
Assignment Questions - 14269_291
Assignment Questions - 14269_292
Assignment Questions - 14269_293
Assignment Questions - 14269_294
Assignment Questions - 14269_295
Assignment Questions - 14269_296
